Lower School Curriculum

What makes me, me?

Kindergarten at Keys is the start of a lifelong journey of joyful learning, self-discovery, and advocacy. At this age, children are building awareness of themselves and the world around them, so we begin by helping them explore their identity—who they are as learners, classmates, and community members. Through intentional social-emotional learning, students begin to understand and celebrate what makes them unique while learning to advocate for themselves and others. Our developmentally thoughtful curriculum fosters curiosity, independence, and foundational skills across subjects, where students explore math through play and reading through the love of language, setting the tone for a meaningful and rigorous educational journey.

Art

Art

We approach Art as a discovery process involving observation, imagination, experimentation, and problem solving. “Mistakes” are merely opportunities; experimentation and risk-taking are the norm; and creativity and self-expression are of primary importance.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Explore a variety of media
Experiment with tearing, pasting, cutting, painting and drawing
Practice composition, arranging images and objects for clarity and interest
Learn the color wheel and mix colors for various effects
Observe and draw anything using line and shape
Language Arts & Literacy

Language Arts & Literacy

A carefully crafted sentence can be persuasive, inspiring, and full of resonance. At Keys, we cultivate a love of reading and an appreciation of the written word for we value the ways in which both fiction and nonfiction nourish curiosity and foster imagination. For us,  writing remains a key form of communication, an important element to self-discovery, and central to the development of intellect.  Students develop listening and speaking skills in Language Arts and across all disciplines to provide a strong foundation for future academic pursuits as well as their personal growth and interpersonal relationships.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Develop phonemic awareness by matching and manipulating sounds
Write letters and solidify sound/symbol correspondence
Begin to recognize basic sight words and decode simple word families
Browse developmentally appropriate books, reading by words or pictures
Listen to and discuss a variety of texts to develop comprehension and vocabulary
Dictate, illustrate and use invented spelling to create stories and journal entries
Library

Library

The library plays a central role within the Keys community and academic program. Our librarian works closely with faculty to weave library and research skills across disciplines and support individual project work, helping students to acquire, use, and evaluate information more effectively. With over 10,000 resources, it serves as an informational hub for students and teachers alike. As importantly, it offers a welcoming place to curl up with a good book and simply experience the joy of reading.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Listen to read-alouds from a variety of genres
Respond to literature using art, puppets, dramatics, building materials, and discussion
Locate and explore picture book and easy reader collections
Formulate questions that can be answered by library materials
Distinguish between nonfiction and fiction and describe the library organization
Use library terminology, including author, illustrator, spine, call number, etc.
Mandarin

Mandarin

When students enter our program they choose either a Mandarin or Spanish track. Our Mandarin program is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. In the Lower School, students are exposed to Mandarin through role-plays, chants, songs, poems, games and dialogues. They also experience the crafts, foods, greetings, etiquette and customs of the countries studied.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Learn basic vocabulary related to daily life (greetings, calendar, self, school)
Develop familiarity with the sounds of the language
Practice word recognition, reading and listening skills
Gain familiarity with basic Chinese characters
Explore Chinese holidays, customs, stories, songs and nursery rhymes
Math

Math

Math instruction at Keys follows the Singapore Math three-step approach – concrete to pictorial to abstract – and spirals lessons throughout the years, to connect current lessons to prior and future learning. Concepts are introduced through hands-on investigation, then translated to paper-and-pencil images, and finally, into numerical and symbolic algorithms. Rather than memorizing isolated facts and procedures, students build skills in critical reasoning and communication, and a deep conceptual foundation.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Read simple graphs
Sort and classify by various attributes
Create, recognize, and extend patterns
Understand one-to-one correspondence
Deconstruct and reconstruct numbers in variety of ways
Use non-standard forms of measurement
Sequence and identify causality between events
Identify, describe, compare, and compose shapes
Music

Music

The Keys Music program is based on the Orff approach, a developmental method that combines music, movement, drama, and speech into lessons that are similar to a child’s world of play. Instruction is premised upon the idea that all students should learn to read musical notation, in order to respond to music critically and emotionally, and to develop a strong foundation upon which to build over a lifetime.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Sing alone and with others
Explore different ways to move to music
Listen, discuss, and react to great works of music
Experiment with playing a steady beat
Play an instrument during a song (a beat, a rhythm, a rest)
Listen & respond to music
Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education experiences are a hallmark of the Keys program, remembered long after students graduate. Yearly trips are carefully designed and integrated with core curriculum to foster students’ intellectual, social, and physical development in age-appropriate ways. As students experience the excitement and adventure of exploring remote places, they also develop confidence, responsibility, and appreciation for environmentalism.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Experience an overnight trip to Costanoa; explore tide pools and other coastal habitats.
Physical Education

Physical Education

Physical Education at Keys focuses on lessons that provide students with an appropriate level of challenge to ensure growth in their personal skill development across four developmental stages: body management and listening skills; fundamental motor skills; tactical sports skills; and strategic game skills and appropriate fitness goals. Students are encouraged to develop an appreciation for team play, and to respect, value, and utilize the different strengths each player brings to the game.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Follow safety and instruction guidelines
Play cooperatively with a partner, take turns
Move through space while maintaining control
Science

Science

Authentic inquiry-based learning allows Keys students to fully experience the scientific process, develop critical thinking skills, and see themselves as scientists engaged in the process of discovery. Units of study spiral and build in complexity, developing the core skills of observation, data collection, theorizing, research, and design. Our approach incorporates the increasingly interdisciplinary methods used to address the complex questions, issues, and dilemmas of the 21st century.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Gather information using all of the senses
Identify cause and effect (sound, magnets, light)
Conduct simple investigations (“Guess and Test”)
Record data (sketch, tally, label)
Communicate findings verbally
Social and Emotional Learning

Social and Emotional Learning

Through our social and emotional learning program (Self-Science), Keys students develop the self-awareness and interpersonal skills necessary to be successful in a school setting and beyond, including coping strategies for dealing with stress, peer pressure, conflicts, and decision-making, as well as having a greater understanding of and appreciation for others.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Learn value of self and others
Celebrate differences
Build and nurture friendships
Identify and manage feelings
Work cooperatively
Resolve conflicts through communication
Social Studies

Social Studies

Our interdisciplinary approach to Social Studies engages students in the authentic work of historians and social scientists. Using historical documents, interviews, oral histories, photographs, artworks, and artifacts, students are encouraged to ask questions, challenge assumptions, weigh evidence, and consider multiple perspectives in the quest for the “whole truth.” Ongoing current events work challenges students to better understand and engage with a dynamic, interconnected, and global 21st century world.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Understand the responsibilities of community members
Honor and express individuality, family traditions, cultural heritage
Identify people who help, and the specialized tools and skills they use
Explore examples of kindness, honor, and bravery throughout history
Investigate community needs and participate in service project
Spanish

Spanish

When students enter our program they choose either a Spanish or Mandarin track. Our Spanish program is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. In the Lower School, students are exposed to Spanish through role-plays, chants, songs, poems, games and dialogues. They also experience the crafts, foods, greetings, etiquette and customs of the countries studied. Field trips to local communities provide authentic contexts in which to practice the language.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Learn basic vocabulary (daily greetings, numbers 1-10, colors)
Develop familiarity with the sounds of the language
Practice word recognition, reading and listening skills
Begin to associate sounds with written symbols
Explore holidays, customs, stories, songs and nursery rhymes
Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts

We introduce students to basic acting skills, improvisation, and performance. Through imaginative play and role-playing, students develop confidence and creativity.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Kindergarteners:
Engage in simple dramatic play and storytelling
Explore character roles and improvisation
Practice basic acting skills and stage presence
Participate in group performances and skits
Develop self-expression and confidence through theatre

How do my community and I depend on each other?

In First Grade, students begin to understand the interconnectedness of people and communities. Building on the identity work from Kindergarten, they explore how communities function, how we support one another, and how to be responsible, caring contributors. Through integrated, hands-on units—like designing and running their own restaurant—students engage deeply with literacy, math, social studies, and science, applying their skills in real-world contexts. This immersive learning fosters critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration, while also nurturing their emerging sense of independence and empathy as they discover their role in a broader social world.

Art

Art

We approach Art as a discovery process involving observation, imagination, experimentation, and problem solving. “Mistakes” are merely opportunities; experimentation and risk-taking are the norm; and creativity and self-expression are of primary importance.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Engage in visual storytelling
Develop an understanding of processes and themes of abstract art
Use iPad apps to explore digital painting
Use a variety of media for collage and printmaking
Build and create three-dimensional works
Language Arts & Literacy

Language Arts & Literacy

A carefully crafted sentence can be persuasive, inspiring, and full of resonance. At Keys, we cultivate a love of reading and an appreciation of the written word for we value the ways in which both fiction and nonfiction nourish curiosity and foster imagination. For us,  writing remains a key form of communication, an important element to self-discovery, and central to the development of intellect.  Students develop listening and speaking skills in Language Arts and across all disciplines to provide a strong foundation for future academic pursuits as well as their personal growth and interpersonal relationships.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Continue developing phonemic awareness
Solidify word analysis and decoding strategies
Develop comprehension strategies (use context clues, reread, ask questions, make predictions, retell)
Develop fluency and expression by rereading and adding character voices
Learn basic writing conventions (capitalization, punctuation)
Identify key story elements (character, setting, problem, action, solution)
Craft personal narratives, how-to stories, poetry; write and edit multiple drafts
Practice directionality and letter formation
Use inventive spelling; learn basic spelling patterns (sight words, CVC words, short and long vowels, blends)
Library

Library

The library plays a central role within the Keys community and academic program. Our librarian works closely with faculty to weave library and research skills across disciplines and support individual project work, helping students to acquire, use, and evaluate information more effectively. With over 10,000 resources, it serves as an informational hub for students and teachers alike. As importantly, it offers a welcoming place to curl up with a good book and simply experience the joy of reading.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Use alphabetical order to locate and check out books independently
Determine ideal sources to answer questions (print, digital, or personal reference)
Know the difference between the roles of media to inform and to entertain
Connect to stories or media and share opinions creatively through a variety of media
Explore a variety of genres and expand literary terminology, including similes and personification
Mandarin

Mandarin

When students enter our program they choose either a Mandarin or Spanish track. Our Mandarin program is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. In the Lower School, students are exposed to Mandarin through role-plays, chants, songs, poems, games and dialogues. They also experience the crafts, foods, greetings, etiquette and customs of the countries studied.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Learn additional vocabulary related to daily life (family, friends, food, home)
Begin to write simplified Chinese characters in correct stroke order
Develop basic understanding of pinyin rules
Practice correct pronunciation
Use learned vocabulary to create simple phrases
Engage in dialogues with peers and teacher
Learn about Chinese foods
Math

Math

Math instruction at Keys follows the Singapore Math three-step approach – concrete to pictorial to abstract – and spirals lessons throughout the years, to connect current lessons to prior and future learning. Concepts are introduced through hands-on investigation, then translated to paper-and-pencil images, and finally, into numerical and symbolic algorithms. Rather than memorizing isolated facts and procedures, students build skills in critical reasoning and communication, and a deep conceptual foundation.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Order and compare objects, quantities, numbers
Use manipulatives to understand the value of numbers and the basic principles of addition and subtraction
Record solutions to problems using pictures, numbers, and words
Use multiple strategies to solve addition and subtraction problems
Gather, represent, and interpret simple data
Tell and write time
Music

Music

The Keys Music program is based on the Orff approach, a developmental method that combines music, movement, drama, and speech into lessons that are similar to a child’s world of play. Instruction is premised upon the idea that all students should learn to read musical notation, in order to respond to music critically and emotionally, and to develop a strong foundation upon which to build over a lifetime.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Sing alone and with a group and perform simple rounds
Explore improvisatory or choreographed movement, alone and with others
Understand basic musical forms and use terminology to describe dynamics
Learn which instruments are part of an orchestra
Experiment with a variety of percussion and bar instruments
Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education experiences are a hallmark of the Keys program, remembered long after students graduate. Yearly trips are carefully designed and integrated with core curriculum to foster students’ intellectual, social, and physical development in age-appropriate ways. As students experience the excitement and adventure of exploring remote places, they also develop confidence, responsibility, and appreciation for environmentalism.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Spend a night at Elkus Ranch and learn about environmental science, history, animal care, nutrition, and agriculture in a rural setting.
Physical Education

Physical Education

Physical Education at Keys focuses on lessons that provide students with an appropriate level of challenge to ensure growth in their personal skill development across four developmental stages: body management and listening skills; fundamental motor skills; tactical sports skills; and strategic game skills and appropriate fitness goals. Students are encouraged to develop an appreciation for team play, and to respect, value, and utilize the different strengths each player brings to the game.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Apply behaviors that show readiness to participate safely
Take responsibility for own actions
Demonstrate awareness of basic fundamental movement skills
Science

Science

Authentic inquiry-based learning allows Keys students to fully experience the scientific process, develop critical thinking skills, and see themselves as scientists engaged in the process of discovery. Units of study spiral and build in complexity, developing the core skills of observation, data collection, theorizing, research, and design. Our approach incorporates the increasingly interdisciplinary methods used to address the complex questions, issues, and dilemmas of the 21st century.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Identify patterns in the life cycles of insects and plants
Record detailed observations using words and pictures
Classify living things based on observable, then learned, attributes
Observe and track changes (matter, life cycles)
Predict and experiment (changing states of matter, soil examination)
Social and Emotional Learning

Social and Emotional Learning

Through our social and emotional learning program (Self-Science), Keys students develop the self-awareness and interpersonal skills necessary to be successful in a school setting and beyond, including coping strategies for dealing with stress, peer pressure, conflicts, and decision-making, as well as having a greater understanding of and appreciation for others.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Explore identity
Role-play conflict resolution strategies
Develop and practice empathy
Value mistakes as learning opportunities
Build resilience
Social Studies

Social Studies

Our interdisciplinary approach to Social Studies engages students in the authentic work of historians and social scientists. Using historical documents, interviews, oral histories, photographs, artworks, and artifacts, students are encouraged to ask questions, challenge assumptions, weigh evidence, and consider multiple perspectives in the quest for the “whole truth.” Ongoing current events work challenges students to better understand and engage with a dynamic, interconnected, and global 21st century world.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Investigate homes across time and regions
Explore the past, present and future of transportation
Create and run a school-wide post office
Track how and where food is produced
Survey, map, design, and build a community
Spanish

Spanish

When students enter our program they choose either a Spanish or Mandarin track. Our Spanish program is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. In the Lower School, students are exposed to Spanish through role-plays, chants, songs, poems, games and dialogues. They also experience the crafts, foods, greetings, etiquette and customs of the countries studied. Field trips to local communities provide authentic contexts in which to practice the language.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Develop vocabulary related to daily life (routines, leisure activities, calendar, family)
Repeat learned words and phrases to practice pronunciation
Practice simple, scripted dialogues
Engage in a cultural study of Mexico
Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts

The Theatre Arts experience at Keys is an inventive and playful pursuit, as students find creative ways to use their voices, bodies, feelings, and imaginations to explore and communicate ideas. It also requires self-discipline, risk-taking, hard work, and collaboration. Lower School students in first grade through fourth grade engage in creative movement, role-play, Reader’s Theater, and dramatic play. Students in First and Third grade each stage an annual play, helping them to refine acting skills such as projection, articulation, and focus.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our First Graders:
Participate in a drama performance by memorizing lines and projecting one’s voice
Recognize character emotions in a guided drama experience
Explore the ways in which gestures and movements are essential to story and character development
Identify props and costumes that might be used in a theatre production

What is needed for meaningful change?

Second Grade is a year of transformation—both personally and academically—as students deepen their understanding of identity, empathy, and their power to make a difference. They explore changemakers past and present, reflect on their own strengths and passions, and apply problem-solving and communication skills through interdisciplinary projects like their identity boxes and invention design challenge. As they research, create, and present, students experience the real-world impact of their ideas and begin to see themselves as active participants in their communities, ready to engage thoughtfully and take action for positive change.

Art

Art

We approach Art as a discovery process involving observation, imagination, experimentation, and problem solving. “Mistakes” are merely opportunities; experimentation and risk-taking are the norm; and creativity and self-expression are of primary importance.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Observe facial structure and draw self-portraits
Manipulate size and scale to add emphasis or dynamism to works
Develop an understanding of techniques and themes of folk art
Combine shapes to create landscapes and cityscapes
Experiment with oil pastel and watercolor techniques (smear, wet-on-wet, layer)
Use design and pattern to create visually interesting art (scroll art)
Language Arts & Literacy

Language Arts & Literacy

A carefully crafted sentence can be persuasive, inspiring, and full of resonance. At Keys, we cultivate a love of reading and an appreciation of the written word for we value the ways in which both fiction and nonfiction nourish curiosity and foster imagination. For us,  writing remains a key form of communication, an important element to self-discovery, and central to the development of intellect.  Students develop listening and speaking skills in Language Arts and across all disciplines to provide a strong foundation for future academic pursuits as well as their personal growth and interpersonal relationships.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Build fluency, expression and comprehension in reading; develop reading stamina with more complex texts
Begin to apply inference skills and identify author’s message
Develop spelling patterns; begin to transition to conventional spelling
Read a variety of genres; understand the features and purpose of each
Learn to retell a story in sequence using main events and relevant details
Write every day, in response to reading and across the curriculum
Develop and apply knowledge of sentence structure, grammar, punctuation
Library

Library

The library plays a central role within the Keys community and academic program. Our librarian works closely with faculty to weave library and research skills across disciplines and support individual project work, helping students to acquire, use, and evaluate information more effectively. With over 10,000 resources, it serves as an informational hub for students and teachers alike. As importantly, it offers a welcoming place to curl up with a good book and simply experience the joy of reading.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Use online catalog to locate research and library materials independently
Access information through the reference collection and online encyclopedia databases
Develop questions and generate key search terms to pursue an answer using student-friendly online search tools
Locate several sources of information to answer a question
Respond to reading through dramatic interpretation, visually creative displays, and discussion
Mandarin

Mandarin

When students enter our program they choose either a Mandarin or Spanish track. Our Mandarin program is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. In the Lower School, students are exposed to Mandarin through role-plays, chants, songs, poems, games and dialogues. They also experience the crafts, foods, greetings, etiquette and customs of the countries studied.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Expand vocabulary related to daily life (friends, hobbies, animals, preferences)
Write Chinese characters using correct stroke order
Understand pinyin rules and apply to new vocabulary
Practice and refine pronunciation
Use simple sentences to dialogue with peers and teacher
Math

Math

Math instruction at Keys follows the Singapore Math three-step approach – concrete to pictorial to abstract – and spirals lessons throughout the years, to connect current lessons to prior and future learning. Concepts are introduced through hands-on investigation, then translated to paper-and-pencil images, and finally, into numerical and symbolic algorithms. Rather than memorizing isolated facts and procedures, students build skills in critical reasoning and communication, and a deep conceptual foundation.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Demonstrate number sense in whole numbers up to 1,000
Solve addition and subtraction problems with three-digit numbers
Work with equal groups as a foundation for multiplication
Tell time to the nearest five minutes; determine elapsed time
Model and solve problems involving time and money
Estimate, measure, and compare lengths in standard units
Represent and interpret data in tally charts, line plots, and graphs
Reason with shapes and attributes; classify and compare
Music

Music

The Keys Music program is based on the Orff approach, a developmental method that combines music, movement, drama, and speech into lessons that are similar to a child’s world of play. Instruction is premised upon the idea that all students should learn to read musical notation, in order to respond to music critically and emotionally, and to develop a strong foundation upon which to build over a lifetime.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Sing complex rounds and partner songs
Use terminology to describe dynamics (volume), form, and style
Listen to and learn the folk dances of various world music traditions
Explore instrumental music through improvisation and simple ensembles
Perform and layer rhythmic ostinatos (patterns) on instruments during a song
Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education experiences are a hallmark of the Keys program, remembered long after students graduate. Yearly trips are carefully designed and integrated with core curriculum to foster students’ intellectual, social, and physical development in age-appropriate ways. As students experience the excitement and adventure of exploring remote places, they also develop confidence, responsibility, and appreciation for environmentalism.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Learn about ecology, interdependence and sustainability at Hidden Villa; hike under the stars as part of the overnight experience.
Physical Education

Physical Education

Physical Education at Keys focuses on lessons that provide students with an appropriate level of challenge to ensure growth in their personal skill development across four developmental stages: body management and listening skills; fundamental motor skills; tactical sports skills; and strategic game skills and appropriate fitness goals. Students are encouraged to develop an appreciation for team play, and to respect, value, and utilize the different strengths each player brings to the game.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Participate in a variety of lead-up games where fundamental movement skills are practiced in combination
Develop stamina and resiliency
Understand personal strengths and challenges
Science

Science

Authentic inquiry-based learning allows Keys students to fully experience the scientific process, develop critical thinking skills, and see themselves as scientists engaged in the process of discovery. Units of study spiral and build in complexity, developing the core skills of observation, data collection, theorizing, research, and design. Our approach incorporates the increasingly interdisciplinary methods used to address the complex questions, issues, and dilemmas of the 21st century.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Design and conduct simple surveys to obtain data
Engage in the design process to solve a real problem
Evaluate hypotheses based on data (fossil dig, mineral tests, properties of water)
Perform experiments to identify cause and effect (erosion, acid rain)
Collect and analyze data in a real-world setting (Bol Creek survey)
Social and Emotional Learning

Social and Emotional Learning

Through our social and emotional learning program (Self-Science), Keys students develop the self-awareness and interpersonal skills necessary to be successful in a school setting and beyond, including coping strategies for dealing with stress, peer pressure, conflicts, and decision-making, as well as having a greater understanding of and appreciation for others.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Identify unique talents and traits
Build depth of character
Show respect through words and actions
Manage the natural “ups and downs” of friendships
Practice perseverance
Set future goals
Social Studies

Social Studies

Our interdisciplinary approach to Social Studies engages students in the authentic work of historians and social scientists. Using historical documents, interviews, oral histories, photographs, artworks, and artifacts, students are encouraged to ask questions, challenge assumptions, weigh evidence, and consider multiple perspectives in the quest for the “whole truth.” Ongoing current events work challenges students to better understand and engage with a dynamic, interconnected, and global 21st century world.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Consider the concept of identity as it relates to one's past, present, and future
Create records of personal and family histories
Explore democratic ideals, practices, and institutions
Use simulations to learn how decisions are made and laws created
Investigate individuals who overcame, innovated, or inspired change
Spanish

Spanish

When students enter our program they choose either a Spanish or Mandarin track. Our Spanish program is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. In the Lower School, students are exposed to Spanish through role-plays, chants, songs, poems, games and dialogues. They also experience the crafts, foods, greetings, etiquette and customs of the countries studied. Field trips to local communities provide authentic contexts in which to practice the language.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Expand vocabulary related to daily life (feelings, school, time, community, weather)
Engage in dialogues with simple commands and verbs
Practice and refine pronunciation
Use learned vocabulary to write simple sentences
Engage in a cultural study of Chile
Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts

The Theatre Arts experience at Keys is an inventive and playful pursuit, as students find creative ways to use their voices, bodies, feelings, and imaginations to explore and communicate ideas. It also requires self-discipline, risk-taking, hard work, and collaboration. Lower School students in first grade through fourth grade engage in creative movement, role-play, Reader’s Theater, and dramatic play. Students in First and Third grade each stage an annual play, helping them to refine acting skills such as projection, articulation, and focus.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Second Graders:
Develop on-stage confidence and an increasing awareness of volume and projection
Relate character experiences to personal experiences as a means to inform artistic usage of voice and sound
Contribute ideas and make decisions as a group to advance a story in a guided drama experience
Demonstrate understanding of the relationship between a character’s physical movements, voice, and state of mind

What defines our shared identity?

Third graders take a meaningful step outward, exploring how identity, culture, and place intersect to shape communities. With growing cognitive and social awareness, they study immigration, diaspora, and cultural diversity—learning to analyze multiple perspectives and evaluate sources with care. Project-based learning encourages independence and critical thinking, as students shift from learning to read to reading to learn. Literature circles, research, and arts integration support a deeper understanding of shared identity and representation, while fostering respect, empathy, and collaborative learning.

Art

Art

We approach Art as a discovery process involving observation, imagination, experimentation, and problem solving. “Mistakes” are merely opportunities; experimentation and risk-taking are the norm; and creativity and self-expression are of primary importance.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Draw the human figure with a focus on proportion, pose, gesture drawing
Use positive and negative space to train the eye of the viewer
Add emphasis, using color or composition to highlight an area or object
Refine painting skills, using color and light to create feeling or mood
Experiment with design principles (symmetry, focal point, visual flow)
Draw with one-point perspective to create the illusion of depth
Language Arts & Literacy

Language Arts & Literacy

A carefully crafted sentence can be persuasive, inspiring, and full of resonance. At Keys, we cultivate a love of reading and an appreciation of the written word for we value the ways in which both fiction and nonfiction nourish curiosity and foster imagination. For us,  writing remains a key form of communication, an important element to self-discovery, and central to the development of intellect.  Students develop listening and speaking skills in Language Arts and across all disciplines to provide a strong foundation for future academic pursuits as well as their personal growth and interpersonal relationships.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Strengthen comprehension strategies (monitor understanding, summarize, make connections)
Learn to write clear, coherent sentences and paragraphs
Study literature from different genres; practice literary devices
Craft persuasive, descriptive, narrative, expository, and creative writing pieces
Learn word study rules and spelling patterns in context and through direct instruction
Gather information from a text for research writing
Correctly apply capitalization, punctuation, grammar rules and sentence structure
Library

Library

The library plays a central role within the Keys community and academic program. Our librarian works closely with faculty to weave library and research skills across disciplines and support individual project work, helping students to acquire, use, and evaluate information more effectively. With over 10,000 resources, it serves as an informational hub for students and teachers alike. As importantly, it offers a welcoming place to curl up with a good book and simply experience the joy of reading.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Identify and locate a variety of print and online resources by using effective search strategies
Evaluate and analyze online resources for credibility, currency, authority, and accuracy
Compare information from more than one source to draw a conclusion
Write letters to authors in response to books
Recommend books through various media (posters, online catalog review system, etc.)
Mandarin

Mandarin

When students enter our program they choose either a Mandarin or Spanish track. Our Mandarin program is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. In the Lower School, students are exposed to Mandarin through role-plays, chants, songs, poems, games and dialogues. They also experience the crafts, foods, greetings, etiquette and customs of the countries studied.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Describe pictures, objects, events in speaking and writing
Apply learned vocabulary and phrases in conversations about daily life
Use a Chinese dictionary to look up new vocabulary
Learn Chinese calligraphy
Use pinyin to type Chinese characters
Math

Math

Math instruction at Keys follows the Singapore Math three-step approach – concrete to pictorial to abstract – and spirals lessons throughout the years, to connect current lessons to prior and future learning. Concepts are introduced through hands-on investigation, then translated to paper-and-pencil images, and finally, into numerical and symbolic algorithms. Rather than memorizing isolated facts and procedures, students build skills in critical reasoning and communication, and a deep conceptual foundation.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Demonstrate knowledge of place value to 100,000
Perform mental math using commutative, associative, distributive properties
Add and subtract within 10,000; solve multiplication and division problems
Use models to solve word problems involving the four operations
Measure and estimate length, mass, capacity
Recognize, name, compare, and order fractions
Calculate elapsed time
Represent and compare data using charts, tables, graphs
Conduct and analyze simple probability experiments
Music

Music

The Keys Music program is based on the Orff approach, a developmental method that combines music, movement, drama, and speech into lessons that are similar to a child’s world of play. Instruction is premised upon the idea that all students should learn to read musical notation, in order to respond to music critically and emotionally, and to develop a strong foundation upon which to build over a lifetime.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Sing complex rounds and partner songs; start simple two-part harmony
Learn the notes of the treble staff and beginning sight-reading work
Use musical terminology to describe dynamics (volume), tempo, form, and style
Listen to music of great composers and discuss their lives
Collaborate to compose and perform instrumental ensembles
Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education experiences are a hallmark of the Keys program, remembered long after students graduate. Yearly trips are carefully designed and integrated with core curriculum to foster students’ intellectual, social, and physical development in age-appropriate ways. As students experience the excitement and adventure of exploring remote places, they also develop confidence, responsibility, and appreciation for environmentalism.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Take a multi-day trip to Mount Cross to conduct stream studies within the coastal redwood ecosystem; tackle the challenge course and other teambuilding exercises.
Physical Education

Physical Education

Physical Education at Keys focuses on lessons that provide students with an appropriate level of challenge to ensure growth in their personal skill development across four developmental stages: body management and listening skills; fundamental motor skills; tactical sports skills; and strategic game skills and appropriate fitness goals. Students are encouraged to develop an appreciation for team play, and to respect, value, and utilize the different strengths each player brings to the game.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Apply movement skills and concepts in a variety of small-sided games
Introduction to player responsibility
Build resiliency and fair play
Science

Science

Authentic inquiry-based learning allows Keys students to fully experience the scientific process, develop critical thinking skills, and see themselves as scientists engaged in the process of discovery. Units of study spiral and build in complexity, developing the core skills of observation, data collection, theorizing, research, and design. Our approach incorporates the increasingly interdisciplinary methods used to address the complex questions, issues, and dilemmas of the 21st century.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Use models to explore phenomenon and place in a larger context
Ask questions based on observations, research and test to answer questions
Examine relationships between structure and function (birds, human body)
Identify adaptations in living things (physical and behavioral)
Test, evaluate, and alter design (flight, earthquake-safe structures)
Social and Emotional Learning

Social and Emotional Learning

Through our social and emotional learning program (Self-Science), Keys students develop the self-awareness and interpersonal skills necessary to be successful in a school setting and beyond, including coping strategies for dealing with stress, peer pressure, conflicts, and decision-making, as well as having a greater understanding of and appreciation for others.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Recognize and respect emotions in others
Explore personal preferences and values
Build community through group discussions and challenges
Refine and extend conflict resolution strategies
Strengthen listening and communication skills
Social Studies

Social Studies

Our interdisciplinary approach to Social Studies engages students in the authentic work of historians and social scientists. Using historical documents, interviews, oral histories, photographs, artworks, and artifacts, students are encouraged to ask questions, challenge assumptions, weigh evidence, and consider multiple perspectives in the quest for the “whole truth.” Ongoing current events work challenges students to better understand and engage with a dynamic, interconnected, and global 21st century world.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Understand the dynamic nature of cultural formation and transformation
Explore how geography, politics, conflict, economics affect human settlement
Research the immigrant experience through interviews, primary sources, trips
Examine the motivations, experiences, and contributions of immigrants
Follow current events to learn about the international community
Spanish

Spanish

When students enter our program they choose either a Spanish or Mandarin track. Our Spanish program is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. In the Lower School, students are exposed to Spanish through role-plays, chants, songs, poems, games and dialogues. They also experience the crafts, foods, greetings, etiquette and customs of the countries studied. Field trips to local communities provide authentic contexts in which to practice the language.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Apply vocabulary related to daily life (extended family, occupations, hobbies, chores) in conversations
Understand and use descriptive adjectives
Learn how to give and follow basic directions
Write a simple story
Study holidays and traditions of various cultures
Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts

The Theatre Arts experience at Keys is an inventive and playful pursuit, as students find creative ways to use their voices, bodies, feelings, and imaginations to explore and communicate ideas. It also requires self-discipline, risk-taking, hard work, and collaboration. Lower School students in first grade through fourth grade engage in creative movement, role-play, Reader’s Theater, and dramatic play. Students in First and Third grade each stage an annual play, helping them to refine acting skills such as projection, articulation, and focus.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Third Graders:
Use personal experiences and knowledge to make connections to community and culture in a drama production
Collaborate to determine how individual characters might move and speak to support overall plot development
Participate in a variety of physical, vocal, and cognitive exercises that can be used in a group setting for theatrical works
Reflect on the choice and execution of artistic elements in a play performance

How does place define the individual, and how do individuals define place?

Fourth Grade marks a pivotal year as students connect their understanding of identity and community to action. Through a critical exploration of California History, they examine diverse perspectives, engage with primary sources, and question whose stories are told. This deep thinking culminates in the creation of a California History Museum, where students design interactive exhibits that synthesize learning across subjects—from circuitry and technology to persuasive writing and art. With growing independence and a strong sense of agency, fourth graders begin to see themselves not just as learners, but as changemakers shaping the world around them.

Art

Art

We approach Art as a discovery process involving observation, imagination, experimentation, and problem solving. “Mistakes” are merely opportunities; experimentation and risk-taking are the norm; and creativity and self-expression are of primary importance.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Refine portraiture, incorporating realistic or exaggerated facial features
Experiment with Abstract Expressionism, creating art inspired by emotions
Develop more advanced painting skills (dripping, layering)
Create dynamic drawings that appear to move, squash or stretch
Learn animation techniques using flip books and software on the computer/iPad
Language Arts & Literacy

Language Arts & Literacy

A carefully crafted sentence can be persuasive, inspiring, and full of resonance. At Keys, we cultivate a love of reading and an appreciation of the written word for we value the ways in which both fiction and nonfiction nourish curiosity and foster imagination. For us,  writing remains a key form of communication, an important element to self-discovery, and central to the development of intellect.  Students develop listening and speaking skills in Language Arts and across all disciplines to provide a strong foundation for future academic pursuits as well as their personal growth and interpersonal relationships.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Revise written drafts, focusing on both craft (leads and endings, details, dialogue) and mechanics (organization, spelling, punctuation, grammar)
Expand sentence structure and paragraph writing through longer essays
Read information texts across disciplines
Refine and apply understanding of spelling, punctuation and grammar rules
Practice active reading skills such as questioning, predicting, making connections, inferring, visualizing and sequencing
Read independently and think critically about the text
Learn to navigate text features of various genres and incorporate into own writing
Expand vocabulary; utilize more sophisticated and precise words in writing and speaking
Library

Library

The library plays a central role within the Keys community and academic program. Our librarian works closely with faculty to weave library and research skills across disciplines and support individual project work, helping students to acquire, use, and evaluate information more effectively. With over 10,000 resources, it serves as an informational hub for students and teachers alike. As importantly, it offers a welcoming place to curl up with a good book and simply experience the joy of reading.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Develop responsible research practices by paraphrasing or quoting and citing sources using a bibliography
Use both print and online resources to complete long-term research assignments
Identify and consider the role of the media to persuade, interpret events, and transmit culture
Explore current events, analyze for biases, and share findings with the class
Serve as library stewards
Mandarin

Mandarin

When students enter our program they choose either a Mandarin or Spanish track. Our Mandarin program is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. In the Lower School, students are exposed to Mandarin through role-plays, chants, songs, poems, games and dialogues. They also experience the crafts, foods, greetings, etiquette and customs of the countries studied.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Use learned vocabulary and phrases to create a sequence of sentences
Read and discuss simple story book
Hold a dialogue with some improvisation
Delve deeper into the geography and culture of China
Math

Math

Math instruction at Keys follows the Singapore Math three-step approach – concrete to pictorial to abstract – and spirals lessons throughout the years, to connect current lessons to prior and future learning. Concepts are introduced through hands-on investigation, then translated to paper-and-pencil images, and finally, into numerical and symbolic algorithms. Rather than memorizing isolated facts and procedures, students build skills in critical reasoning and communication, and a deep conceptual foundation.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Understand all four operations and compute efficiently
Use mental math and problem solving strategies flexibly and efficiently
Gain familiarity with factors and multiples
Generate and analyze numerical patterns
Use place value understanding to perform computations
Understand, order and compare fractions and decimals
Solve problems involving measurement; convert measurements
Draw, identify, classify and measure lines and angles
Music

Music

The Keys Music program is based on the Orff approach, a developmental method that combines music, movement, drama, and speech into lessons that are similar to a child’s world of play. Instruction is premised upon the idea that all students should learn to read musical notation, in order to respond to music critically and emotionally, and to develop a strong foundation upon which to build over a lifetime.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Sing complex rounds, partner songs and simple two-part harmony
Listen to and explore both Classical and world music traditions
Explore improvisation and complex ensembles on the percussion instruments
Compose using Garage Band; perform instrumental ensembles
Learn to play the soprano recorder using the Recorder Karate program
Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education experiences are a hallmark of the Keys program, remembered long after students graduate. Yearly trips are carefully designed and integrated with core curriculum to foster students’ intellectual, social, and physical development in age-appropriate ways. As students experience the excitement and adventure of exploring remote places, they also develop confidence, responsibility, and appreciation for environmentalism.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Explore the coastal ecosystem at Point Reyes National Seashore; learn about the traditions and sustainable practices of native peoples.
Take a multi-day trip to Indian Grinding Rock State Park in the Sierra Nevada foothills to investigate natural and cultural history.
Physical Education

Physical Education

Physical Education at Keys focuses on lessons that provide students with an appropriate level of challenge to ensure growth in their personal skill development across four developmental stages: body management and listening skills; fundamental motor skills; tactical sports skills; and strategic game skills and appropriate fitness goals. Students are encouraged to develop an appreciation for team play, and to respect, value, and utilize the different strengths each player brings to the game.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Use simple tactical skills to enhance game performance
Accept and deliver technical tips
Develop positive coping strategies when dealing with game outcomes
Science

Science

Authentic inquiry-based learning allows Keys students to fully experience the scientific process, develop critical thinking skills, and see themselves as scientists engaged in the process of discovery. Units of study spiral and build in complexity, developing the core skills of observation, data collection, theorizing, research, and design. Our approach incorporates the increasingly interdisciplinary methods used to address the complex questions, issues, and dilemmas of the 21st century.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Investigate and apply knowledge in real-world settings (tide pools, seal colony)
Connect organisms by ecological relationships
Draw connections between human behavior and the environment
Simulate behaviors and adaptations of different marine mammals
Develop models for understanding natural selection and evolution
Design and test principles of forces and motion
Social and Emotional Learning

Social and Emotional Learning

Through our social and emotional learning program (Self-Science), Keys students develop the self-awareness and interpersonal skills necessary to be successful in a school setting and beyond, including coping strategies for dealing with stress, peer pressure, conflicts, and decision-making, as well as having a greater understanding of and appreciation for others.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Create representations of self and family
Identify positive and negative elements of relationships
Respect the power of words
Appreciate personal responsibilities to community
Navigate transition and change
Social Studies

Social Studies

Our interdisciplinary approach to Social Studies engages students in the authentic work of historians and social scientists. Using historical documents, interviews, oral histories, photographs, artworks, and artifacts, students are encouraged to ask questions, challenge assumptions, weigh evidence, and consider multiple perspectives in the quest for the “whole truth.” Ongoing current events work challenges students to better understand and engage with a dynamic, interconnected, and global 21st century world.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Investigate how the environment shapes, and is shaped by, human settlement
Explore social, political, and economic change arising from cultural “collisions”
Analyze periods of intense change in California history (missions, Gold Rush, railroads, Silicon Valley)
Analyze artifacts, photos, documents to gather information about the past
Reconstruct and reconsider historical accounts in light of current information
Spanish

Spanish

When students enter our program they choose either a Spanish or Mandarin track. Our Spanish program is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. In the Lower School, students are exposed to Spanish through role-plays, chants, songs, poems, games and dialogues. They also experience the crafts, foods, greetings, etiquette and customs of the countries studied. Field trips to local communities provide authentic contexts in which to practice the language.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Apply vocabulary related to daily life (shopping, restaurants, people, favorite activities) in conversations and writing
Begin to use common verbs (ser, estar, tener, gustar) in conversation
Understand and use basic commands
Study the present progressive
Engage in a cultural unit on California Missions
Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts

The Theatre Arts experience at Keys is an inventive and playful pursuit, as students find creative ways to use their voices, bodies, feelings, and imaginations to explore and communicate ideas. It also requires self-discipline, risk-taking, hard work, and collaboration. Lower School students in first grade through fourth grade engage in creative movement, role-play, Reader’s Theater, and dramatic play. Students in First and Third grade each stage an annual play, helping them to refine acting skills such as projection, articulation, and focus.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fourth Graders:
Perform a play based on social studies content and understand how historical perspectives of a community or culture are reflected in theatre works
Make and discuss group decisions and identify responsibilities required to produce and present a theatrical work
Experiment with and propose the use of technical elements in a dramatic production
Identify and participate in making artistic choices while considering historical elements and audience response