Middle School Curriculum

How can we navigate systems with agency and empathy?

Fifth Grade marks a pivotal shift as students step into a greater sense of independence and begin to recognize themselves as part of larger systems—social, civic, and environmental. Through interdisciplinary studies of U.S. government, history, and human rights, students explore the structures that shape society and examine how individuals and groups work within and against those structures to create change. They learn to articulate informed perspectives, debate respectfully, and advocate for causes they care about. Through project-based learning, such as mock trials or civic action campaigns, students deepen their understanding of justice, fairness, and advocacy. Academically, they strengthen their research, writing, and critical thinking skills, learning to navigate increasingly complex texts and ideas while honing their ability to collaborate and lead.

Art

Art

Key artists and works are used throughout the years to promote a more expansive historical and global perspective, as students consider the ways in which art both reflects and shapes culture. Art instruction often interweaves with units of study in other classrooms, affording students meaningful opportunities to develop, expand, and demonstrate understanding across disciplines.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Experiment with portraiture using watercolor
Practice advanced illustration techniques
Learn ceramic techniques (coil, pinch, slab)
Build clay animals based on indigenous traditions
Develop appropriate ways of giving and receiving critiques
Explore landscape painting using acrylics
English

English

Keys immerses students in the world of literature. Students engage in critical analysis and discussion of texts, learning to articulate well-supported ideas with confidence and clarity, as well as to listen respectfully and respond thoughtfully to those of others. They become deeper readers and writers, able to discern the power of language and emulate the traits of great writers.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Understand how an author constructs characters, plot and theme
Distinguish between main ideas, supporting facts, and opinions in non-fiction texts
Draw inferences and conclusions, and support them with textual evidence
Refine spelling, grammar and vocabulary through own writing, literature, and other subject areas
Explore and expand thoughts and ideas through writing
Evaluate and experiment with different characteristics of writing: ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, mechanics
Practice with different styles of writing including narrative, fiction, memoir
Focus on revision and editing through partner work
History

History

Using historical documents, interviews, oral histories, photographs, artworks, and artifacts, our History program challenges students to reconstruct and reconsider the past. At every grade level they are encouraged to ask questions, challenge assumptions, weigh evidence, and consider multiple perspectives in the quest for the “whole truth.” Ongoing study of current events challenges students to better understand and engage with a dynamic, interconnected, and global 21st century world.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Explore the interdependence of individuals, societies, and environments
Investigate multiple perspectives surrounding the discovery of America
Analyze the complex causes and results of the American Revolution
Examine slavery and key individuals who worked to abolish it
Identify the rights and responsibilities afforded by the U.S. Constitution
Mandarin

Mandarin

When students enter our program they choose either a Mandarin or Spanish track. The Mandarin program at Keys is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. As students develop proficiency with the language, the focus shifts to develop advanced grammar concepts taught through interactive and engaging activities. Research projects and presentations immerse students in the history, arts, traditions and current events of various countries and afford them a growing understanding of world cultures.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Begin to hear, identify and produce the different tones of the pinyin system
Practice use of radicals
Understand and apply simple sentence patterns
Begin to explore adverbs (time)
Practice language in an authentic context through field trip(s)
Math

Math

Keys School uses the Singapore Math three-step approach – concrete to pictorial to abstract. Instruction challenges students to apply concepts to new contexts and engage in extended exploration and discussion. Time and attention are given to sharing and evaluating one’s reasoning, as well as that of others. By encountering concepts and skills repeatedly, but with increasing complexity, over time, students develop perseverance and flexibility with problem solving. Rather than memorizing isolated facts and procedures, students build skills in critical reasoning and communication, and a deep conceptual foundation.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers with decimals
Multiply and divide fractions
Convert units of measurement, time
Understand concepts of volume and relate to multiplication and to addition
Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve problems
Understand the place value system, and standard and expanded notation
Find common factors and multiples
Understand and calculate with mixed numbers and improper fractions
Convert, compare, and round decimals
Solve problems involving perimeter, area, and volume
Understand percent and rate
Music

Music

The Keys Music program is based on the Orff approach, a developmental method that combines music, movement, drama, and speech. Throughout the year students have many opportunities to learn to prepare for concerts, support fellow performers, make and rebound from mistakes, and channel the nerves that can, and do, arise. A goal of the program is to help students to develop confidence in making music, by using their voices, bodies and instruments through a variety of improvisational and structured experiences.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Recognize instrument sounds, texture differences, musical styles, and simple forms
Learn to hear and practice intervals and harmony, beat and rhythm
Write in correct notation using quarter, eighth and sixteenth notes and rests
Recognize, read and perform notes on a staff in treble clef
Learn correct vocal production (breathing and producing a good tone)
Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education experiences are a hallmark of the Keys program, remembered long after students graduate. The sense of achievement that comes from facing fears and overcoming challenges is hard-won and persists over time. These excursions build character and foster a deep sense of trust and community. As students experience the excitement and adventure of exploring remote places, they also develop confidence, responsibility, and appreciation for environmentalism.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Explore the unique features of the coastal redwood ecosystem while hiking, tidepooling and camping in Big Sur.
Spend multiple days exploring the natural features, ecosystems and biological diversity of Yosemite National Park; learn about the park's history and the ongoing efforts to protect and preserve it.
Physical Education

Physical Education

Physical Education in Middle School focuses on tactical sports skills, strategic game skills and appropriate fitness goals. Students are encouraged to develop an appreciation for team play, and to respect, value, and utilize the different strengths each player brings to the game. Reflecting on personal effort and giving compliments and encouraging feedback, are common practices.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Participate in a variety of traditional and modified sports
Understand the role of the individual in team play
Introduction to health and fitness routines
Science

Science

Using scientific equipment and technology to manipulate, observe, test, and model phenomena, Keys students see themselves as scientists engaged in the process of discovery. They explore advanced mathematical relationships integral to scientific investigation, and demonstrate sound research practices, collaborate effectively with peers, and develop presentation skills that harness a variety of media. This approach is intended to model the increasingly interdisciplinary methods used to address the complex questions, issues, and dilemmas of the 21st century.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Study and visit coastal Redwood ecosystems
Learn classification systems for various organisms (cells, bacteria, animals)
Identify and model the structure and functions of cells
Hypothesize and test concepts related to erosion and soil deposition
Research watersheds, water ecology, and water usage in California
Model the salmon life cycle and potential impacts of environmental threats
Investigate concepts related to present and future energy sources
Social and Emotional Learning

Social and Emotional Learning

The Social and Emotional Learning curriculum is designed to develop the self-awareness and interpersonal skills necessary to be successful in a school setting and beyond. Middle School students build on their foundation of coping strategies for dealing with stress, peer pressure, conflicts, and decision-making, and continue to delve into topics through reflection, discussion, and project work. This allows them to connect their growing self-knowledge to their academic lives, as they learn what they need in order to be balanced, successful, and inspired individuals.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Demonstrate situational intelligence
Practice self-advocacy and personal responsibility
Develop strategies for time and stress management (organization, prioritization)
Problem-solve issues related to peer pressure, bullying, conflict resolution
Identify and nurture positive friendships
Spanish

Spanish

When students enter our program they choose either a Spanish or Mandarin track. The Spanish program at Keys is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. As students develop proficiency with the language, classes continue to be interactive and engaging, but the focus shifts to develop advanced grammar concepts. Research projects and presentations immerse students in the history, arts, traditions and current events of various countries and afford them a growing understanding of world cultures.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Practice vocabulary, simple sentences, and speech patterns related to classroom setting, daily events, time and events, and food
Learn conjugation for the present tense of –ar, –er, and –ir regular verbs
Understand and use adjectives, adverbs, subject pronouns and idiomatic expressions
Engage in cultural study of festivals: Día de los Muertos, Día de Acción de Gracias, Navidad, Día de San Valentín, and Cinco de Mayo
Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts

Through theatre arts work, students develop deeper understanding of themselves and greater empathy for others. Middle School students use techniques such as tableau improvisation, debate, and choreographed movement. Students in Sixth and Eighth grade each stage an annual play, helping them to refine acting skills such as projection, articulation, and focus. By the end of the program, students will have experienced the entire dramatic process-character development, acting, costume creation, set production, and lighting techniques.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Fifth Graders:
Portray a character through movement
Create collaborative tableaus to explore staging concepts
Analyze monologues and learn basic character analysis skills
Gain exposure to the genres of “American Melodrama” and “Silent Films”

What shapes our worldview?

In Sixth Grade, students continue developing a critical lens through which they explore culture, belief systems, and global interdependence. Anchored by a yearlong exploration of world religions and ancient civilizations, students consider how people across time and place have made meaning, built communities, and responded to ethical dilemmas. They engage in comparative thinking, dialogue, and inquiry, learning to approach difference with curiosity and respect. With a greater capacity for abstraction and analysis, students explore primary and secondary sources, evaluate credibility, and synthesize information across disciplines. The integration of humanities, science, math, and the arts allows students to make rich connections while nurturing their voice and agency. Sixth grade culminates in capstone experiences that showcase students’ growth as thinkers, communicators, and global citizens.

Art

Art

Key artists and works are used throughout the years to promote a more expansive historical and global perspective, as students consider the ways in which art both reflects and shapes culture. Art instruction often interweaves with units of study in other classrooms, affording students meaningful opportunities to develop, expand, and demonstrate understanding across disciplines.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Explore realistic landscape painting techniques from Asian art
Create African-inspired masks with mixed media
Make Kachina dolls from the Native American tradition
Experiment with Egyptian hieroglyphic techniques
Build found object sculptures using recycled materials
English

English

Keys immerses students in the world of literature. Students engage in critical analysis and discussion of texts, learning to articulate well-supported ideas with confidence and clarity, as well as to listen respectfully and respond thoughtfully to those of others. They become deeper readers and writers, able to discern the power of language and emulate the traits of great writers.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Understand the way language is used in literary texts (metaphor, simile, onomatopoeia, alliteration, personification)
Practice using appropriate verbal and nonverbal techniques for reading aloud and giving oral presentations (intonation, pacing, expression, enunciation, gestures, and posture)
Use imagination, imagery and rich vocabulary in creative writing
Craft topic sentences, supporting details and paragraphs
Evaluate and experiment with different characteristics of writing: ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, mechanics
Practice with different styles of writing including expository, poetry, reports
Focus on revision and editing through partner and independent work
History

History

Using historical documents, interviews, oral histories, photographs, artworks, and artifacts, our History program challenges students to reconstruct and reconsider the past. At every grade level they are encouraged to ask questions, challenge assumptions, weigh evidence, and consider multiple perspectives in the quest for the “whole truth.” Ongoing study of current events challenges students to better understand and engage with a dynamic, interconnected, and global 21st century world.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Investigate human evolution and hominid ancestors
Analyze the transition from hunting and gathering to farming and trading
Understand the roots of democracy in ancient Greece
Examine the rise and fall of ancient civilizations (Mesopotamia, Egypt)
Investigate how bridges serve as cultural icons and how society responds to structural disasters
Mandarin

Mandarin

When students enter our program they choose either a Mandarin or Spanish track. The Mandarin program at Keys is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. As students develop proficiency with the language, the focus shifts to develop advanced grammar concepts taught through interactive and engaging activities. Research projects and presentations immerse students in the history, arts, traditions and current events of various countries and afford them a growing understanding of world cultures.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Hear, identify and produce the different tones of the pinyin system
Write phrases and sentences with simple pattern with help of pinyin system
Engage in collaborative and independent research projects
Use question words, adverbs and pronouns within simple dialogues
Practice language in an authentic context through field trip(s)
Math

Math

Keys School uses the Singapore Math three-step approach – concrete to pictorial to abstract. Instruction challenges students to apply concepts to new contexts and engage in extended exploration and discussion. Time and attention are given to sharing and evaluating one’s reasoning, as well as that of others. By encountering concepts and skills repeatedly, but with increasing complexity, over time, students develop perseverance and flexibility with problem solving. Rather than memorizing isolated facts and procedures, students build skills in critical reasoning and communication, and a deep conceptual foundation.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Understand and apply ratios, proportions, and percentages
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals and fractions
Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers
Understand the system of rational numbers
Use bar diagrams to solve problems involving fractions, decimals, percentages
Develop algebraic thinking; solve one-variable equations and inequalities
Solve problems involving area, surface area, and volume
Develop understanding of statistical variability
Construct and analyze a variety of data displays
Music

Music

The Keys Music program is based on the Orff approach, a developmental method that combines music, movement, drama, and speech. Throughout the year students have many opportunities to learn to prepare for concerts, support fellow performers, make and rebound from mistakes, and channel the nerves that can, and do, arise. A goal of the program is to help students to develop confidence in making music, by using their voices, bodies and instruments through a variety of improvisational and structured experiences.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Perform complex melodies and patterns on bar instruments
Recognize instrument sounds, texture differences, musical styles, and simple forms
Learn to read a choral score; sing rounds, partner songs, and two-part harmony
Compose and perform rhythmic ostinatos on a variety of instruments, as well as complex melodies and patterns on bar instruments
Study of traits of American music such as Blues, Gospel, Country, Spirituals and Jazz
Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education experiences are a hallmark of the Keys program, remembered long after students graduate. The sense of achievement that comes from facing fears and overcoming challenges is hard-won and persists over time. These excursions build character and foster a deep sense of trust and community. As students experience the excitement and adventure of exploring remote places, they also develop confidence, responsibility, and appreciation for environmentalism.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Take a multi-day trip to Skylark Ranch; experience physical challenge and team building on the high ropes course.
Spend several days camping, rock climbing and exploring the remnants of an ancient volcanic field in Pinnacles National Park.
Physical Education

Physical Education

Physical Education in Middle School focuses on tactical sports skills, strategic game skills and appropriate fitness goals. Students are encouraged to develop an appreciation for team play, and to respect, value, and utilize the different strengths each player brings to the game. Reflecting on personal effort and giving compliments and encouraging feedback, are common practices.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Apply a variety of game strategies in both traditional and nontraditional sports
Identify correct tactical skills in game situations
Develop health and fitness routines
Science

Science

Using scientific equipment and technology to manipulate, observe, test, and model phenomena, Keys students see themselves as scientists engaged in the process of discovery. They explore advanced mathematical relationships integral to scientific investigation, and demonstrate sound research practices, collaborate effectively with peers, and develop presentation skills that harness a variety of media. This approach is intended to model the increasingly interdisciplinary methods used to address the complex questions, issues, and dilemmas of the 21st century.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Study and visit ecosystems of the California coast and Pinnacles National Park
Test concepts and phenomena related to electricity and magnetism
Model the structure and functions of the brain and central nervous system
Learn the physics and biology of the five senses through experimentation
Perform an integrated study of the engineering principles behind bridges
Participate in engineering challenge related to bridge design
Social and Emotional Learning

Social and Emotional Learning

The Social and Emotional Learning curriculum is designed to develop the self-awareness and interpersonal skills necessary to be successful in a school setting and beyond. Middle School students build on their foundation of coping strategies for dealing with stress, peer pressure, conflicts, and decision-making, and continue to delve into topics through reflection, discussion, and project work. This allows them to connect their growing self-knowledge to their academic lives, as they learn what they need in order to be balanced, successful, and inspired individuals.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Develop skills and strategies for group collaboration
Explore perspective, memory and executive functioning skills
Reflect on intra and interpersonal relationships
Explore fixed vs. growth mindset
Spanish

Spanish

When students enter our program they choose either a Spanish or Mandarin track. The Spanish program at Keys is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. As students develop proficiency with the language, classes continue to be interactive and engaging, but the focus shifts to develop advanced grammar concepts. Research projects and presentations immerse students in the history, arts, traditions and current events of various countries and afford them a growing understanding of world cultures.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Review and extend vocabulary related to travel, leisure activities, family, emotions, descriptive adjectives of people and places
Learn conjugations of common irregular verbs
Study stem changing verbs, present progressive, simple future
Learn pronouns (indirect object and subject)
Use superlative, commands and idiomatic expressions
Investigate the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayas
Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts

Through theatre arts work, students develop deeper understanding of themselves and greater empathy for others. Middle School students use techniques such as tableau improvisation, debate, and choreographed movement. Students in Sixth and Eighth grade each stage an annual play, helping them to refine acting skills such as projection, articulation, and focus. By the end of the program, students will have experienced the entire dramatic process-character development, acting, costume creation, set production, and lighting techniques.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Sixth Graders:
Perform a musical with themes from Greek, Roman, or Egyptian mythology
Study acting fundamentals through group improvisation
Conduct a scene study and analyze a character emotionally, with empathy

How do systems impact power, voice, and identity?

Seventh Grade is a time of deepening complexity—in thought, identity, and understanding of the world. Students critically examine systems of power, both historical and contemporary, through an exploration of literature, U.S. history, and social movements. They ask hard questions: Who holds power? Who is left out? How do narratives shape perception and policy? Through investigative research, persuasive writing, and student-led discussions, they learn to advocate with clarity and purpose. Math and science deepen their understanding of data and cause-and-effect, providing tools for inquiry and analysis. As students explore topics like economic systems or climate justice, they are invited to grapple with ambiguity and take intellectual risks. This is also a year of growing personal responsibility, as students manage more complex workloads and take on leadership roles within the school community.

Art

Art

Key artists and works are used throughout the years to promote a more expansive historical and global perspective, as students consider the ways in which art both reflects and shapes culture. Art instruction often interweaves with units of study in other classrooms, affording students meaningful opportunities to develop, expand, and demonstrate understanding across disciplines.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Practice one- and two-point perspective drawing with pencil, pen and ink
Create landscapes and cityscapes using analogous color
Experiment with still life, drawing parallels between master and personal works
Learn techniques for adding contour and texture in paintings
Study American painting from 1930s-present (action painting, pop art)
English

English

Keys immerses students in the world of literature. Students engage in critical analysis and discussion of texts, learning to articulate well-supported ideas with confidence and clarity, as well as to listen respectfully and respond thoughtfully to those of others. They become deeper readers and writers, able to discern the power of language and emulate the traits of great writers.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Read a variety of classical and contemporary literature with strong interdisciplinary connections to science and social studies
Engage in literary discussions and written assignments considering elements such as setting, character development, conflict, theme, and author’s technique
Develop more advanced discussion and analytical skills, with an eye toward expressing constructive, well-supported and original opinions
Engage in all stages of the writing process (organization, editing, style revision)
Develop essay skills (thesis idea, support, transitions)
Write creatively, incorporating description, narrative, dialogue, use of senses, voice, rich vocabulary, and perspective
History

History

Using historical documents, interviews, oral histories, photographs, artworks, and artifacts, our History program challenges students to reconstruct and reconsider the past. At every grade level they are encouraged to ask questions, challenge assumptions, weigh evidence, and consider multiple perspectives in the quest for the “whole truth.” Ongoing study of current events challenges students to better understand and engage with a dynamic, interconnected, and global 21st century world.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Explore the dynamics of social and cultural change during Medieval Times
Analyze global issues giving rise to conflict and social stratification
Examine the influence of geography and environment on cultures
Use inquiry-based thinking to compare cultures of selected regions of the world
Analyze arguments from multiple perspectives; take an oral or written stance using evidence to support claims
Mandarin

Mandarin

When students enter our program they choose either a Mandarin or Spanish track. The Mandarin program at Keys is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. As students develop proficiency with the language, the focus shifts to develop advanced grammar concepts taught through interactive and engaging activities. Research projects and presentations immerse students in the history, arts, traditions and current events of various countries and afford them a growing understanding of world cultures.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Write with the sentence with varied sentence pattern with help of pinyin system
Understand and use radicals
Use more specific, varied vocabulary to share personal ideas and opinions
Understand and use combined sentence patterns
Use adverbs, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, and measure words within simple dialogues
Practice language in an authentic context through field trip(s)
Math

Math

Keys School uses the Singapore Math three-step approach – concrete to pictorial to abstract. Instruction challenges students to apply concepts to new contexts and engage in extended exploration and discussion. Time and attention are given to sharing and evaluating one’s reasoning, as well as that of others. By encountering concepts and skills repeatedly, but with increasing complexity, over time, students develop perseverance and flexibility with problem solving. Rather than memorizing isolated facts and procedures, students build skills in critical reasoning and communication, and a deep conceptual foundation.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Solve problems using algebraic expressions and equations
Use and apply factors, fractions, and exponents
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers
Draw, construct and describe basic geometric concepts and properties
Solve problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume
Understand and apply ratios, rates, and percentages
Investigate functions, graphs, and linear equations
Honors track allows for investigations into algebraic concepts
Music

Music

The Keys Music program is based on the Orff approach, a developmental method that combines music, movement, drama, and speech. Throughout the year students have many opportunities to learn to prepare for concerts, support fellow performers, make and rebound from mistakes, and channel the nerves that can, and do, arise. A goal of the program is to help students to develop confidence in making music, by using their voices, bodies and instruments through a variety of improvisational and structured experiences.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Write and discuss to describe the qualities and emotional aspects of music
Expand rhythmic vocabulary; write of rhythms in correct notation
Participate in drum circles
Study the music of the Renaissance
Explore use of acoustic instruments and everyday objects as sound sources
Compose and perform more complex melodies, rhythms and harmonies
Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education experiences are a hallmark of the Keys program, remembered long after students graduate. The sense of achievement that comes from facing fears and overcoming challenges is hard-won and persists over time. These excursions build character and foster a deep sense of trust and community. As students experience the excitement and adventure of exploring remote places, they also develop confidence, responsibility, and appreciation for environmentalism.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Hike and camp at Mono Lake; investigate its unique alkaline ecosystem, and ongoing efforts to protect the basin from water diversion and erosion.
Kayak to Angel Island for a multi-night camping trip designed to build leadership skills and extend environmental science and immigration studies.
Physical Education

Physical Education

Physical Education in Middle School focuses on tactical sports skills, strategic game skills and appropriate fitness goals. Students are encouraged to develop an appreciation for team play, and to respect, value, and utilize the different strengths each player brings to the game. Reflecting on personal effort and giving compliments and encouraging feedback, are common practices.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Analyze personal performance (technical and tactical skills) to enhance game play
Accept various leadership and support roles within the structure of the game
Assess five components of fitness, develop individual goals and workout plan
Research & Design

Research & Design

Our Research and Design class for seventh and eighth graders focuses on learning different approaches to problem solving. In class, students solve real world problems with an emphasis on social impact issues by applying the principles of design thinking – empathizing, iteration, prototyping, empathy maps, and identifying the correct problem.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Identify a social issue
Research the topic, exploring various resources and determining credibility
Develop an informed perspective
Design potential solutions
Science

Science

Using scientific equipment and technology to manipulate, observe, test, and model phenomena, Keys students see themselves as scientists engaged in the process of discovery. They explore advanced mathematical relationships integral to scientific investigation, and demonstrate sound research practices, collaborate effectively with peers, and develop presentation skills that harness a variety of media. This approach is intended to model the increasingly interdisciplinary methods used to address the complex questions, issues, and dilemmas of the 21st century.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Conduct environmental field study of the Mono Lake ecosystem
Devise experiments related to states of matter and physical change
Investigate heat and molecular motion, convection, light physics
Discover properties of minerals and rocks through testing and data analysis
Use and create models to understand concepts (genetics, seasons, earthquakes)
Apply best practices in passive solar architecture to a design challenge
Social and Emotional Learning

Social and Emotional Learning

The Social and Emotional Learning curriculum is designed to develop the self-awareness and interpersonal skills necessary to be successful in a school setting and beyond. Middle School students build on their foundation of coping strategies for dealing with stress, peer pressure, conflicts, and decision-making, and continue to delve into topics through reflection, discussion, and project work. This allows them to connect their growing self-knowledge to their academic lives, as they learn what they need in order to be balanced, successful, and inspired individuals.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Practice active engagement and communication
Explore issues related to self-esteem (peer pressure, popularity)
Examine issues of adolescence (sexuality, drug/alcohol awareness)
Develop self-advocacy and refusal skills
Build a healthy lifestyle (eating, exercising and balance)
Spanish

Spanish

When students enter our program they choose either a Spanish or Mandarin track. The Spanish program at Keys is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. As students develop proficiency with the language, classes continue to be interactive and engaging, but the focus shifts to develop advanced grammar concepts. Research projects and presentations immerse students in the history, arts, traditions and current events of various countries and afford them a growing understanding of world cultures.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Review present tense
Learn regular and irregular preterite past tense
Understand and use demonstrative pronouns and adjectives, as well as indirect and direct object pronouns
Conduct dialogues and presentations about plans, desires, and future plans (travel, community service, protecting the planet)
Learn the customs of Spanish speaking countries
Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts

Through theatre arts work, students develop deeper understanding of themselves and greater empathy for others. Middle School students use techniques such as tableau improvisation, debate, and choreographed movement. Students in Sixth and Eighth grade each stage an annual play, helping them to refine acting skills such as projection, articulation, and focus. By the end of the program, students will have experienced the entire dramatic process-character development, acting, costume creation, set production, and lighting techniques.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Seventh Graders:
Portray a character through movement
Create collaborative tableaus to explore staging concepts
Analyze monologues and learn basic character analysis skills
Gain exposure to the genres of “American Melodrama” and “Silent Films”

What does it mean to lead with integrity?

Eighth Grade is a culminating year—one of synthesis, reflection, and stepping forward with confidence. Students explore leadership in its many forms, with an emphasis on ethical decision-making, identity development, and community impact. Through capstone projects, writing portfolios, and civic engagement experiences, they draw upon years of learning to create work that is both personally meaningful and socially relevant. Humanities focuses on modern history and literature that challenge students to consider the role of individuals and collectives in shaping the world. In science and math, students apply analytical skills to real-world challenges, often through collaborative, inquiry-based projects. As the oldest students on campus, eighth graders are trusted with meaningful leadership opportunities and mentorship roles. The year ends with reflection on their journey and a celebration of who they’ve become—ready for high school and beyond.

Art

Art

Key artists and works are used throughout the years to promote a more expansive historical and global perspective, as students consider the ways in which art both reflects and shapes culture. Art instruction often interweaves with units of study in other classrooms, affording students meaningful opportunities to develop, expand, and demonstrate understanding across disciplines.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Use advanced two-point perspective to create overhead views
Study and experiment with design principles used in media
Explore atmospheric use of paint (capturing effects of haze, mist, clouds)
Refine techniques related to human figure drawing and painting
Create works of art that define the artist as social commentator
English

English

Keys immerses students in the world of literature. Students engage in critical analysis and discussion of texts, learning to articulate well-supported ideas with confidence and clarity, as well as to listen respectfully and respond thoughtfully to those of others. They become deeper readers and writers, able to discern the power of language and emulate the traits of great writers.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Read across literary genres, with some texts having strong integration with social studies in content and themes
Analyze authors’ techniques and explore themes of justice and racism, considering autobiography as a personal view into historical events
Develop the skill of writing about oneself
Engage in an in-depth study of various genres, including the short story and short fiction
Practice literary discussion and writing that delves into the elements of setting and mood, historical relevance, character development, conflict, theme, and the author’s style and technique
Develop more complex writing with an eye toward original thinking, precision in vocabulary, clear idea development, and polished fluency and mechanics
History

History

Using historical documents, interviews, oral histories, photographs, artworks, and artifacts, our History program challenges students to reconstruct and reconsider the past. At every grade level they are encouraged to ask questions, challenge assumptions, weigh evidence, and consider multiple perspectives in the quest for the “whole truth.” Ongoing study of current events challenges students to better understand and engage with a dynamic, interconnected, and global 21st century world.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Identify key people, ideas, and events in early development of the United States
Examine the roles of different contributors to American society
Explore the interaction between the US Justice System and society over time
Understand and apply the processes used to create and interpret history
Conduct extended inquiry, weighing multiple perspectives, drawing evidence-based conclusions, and composing persuasive written and oral arguments
Mandarin

Mandarin

When students enter our program they choose either a Mandarin or Spanish track. The Mandarin program at Keys is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. As students develop proficiency with the language, the focus shifts to develop advanced grammar concepts taught through interactive and engaging activities. Research projects and presentations immerse students in the history, arts, traditions and current events of various countries and afford them a growing understanding of world cultures.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Write short essays and presentations using Chinese characters
Read, discuss and create skits for Chinese folktales
Engage in extended dialogue; use complements in conversation
Complete more in-depth research study; present ideas effectively, orally and in writing
Math

Math

Keys School uses the Singapore Math three-step approach – concrete to pictorial to abstract. Instruction challenges students to apply concepts to new contexts and engage in extended exploration and discussion. Time and attention are given to sharing and evaluating one’s reasoning, as well as that of others. By encountering concepts and skills repeatedly, but with increasing complexity, over time, students develop perseverance and flexibility with problem solving. Rather than memorizing isolated facts and procedures, students build skills in critical reasoning and communication, and a deep conceptual foundation.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Develop foundations for functions
Solve linear equations, functions, and inequalities
Explore direct and inverse proportion
Explore advanced functions, rational functions, and radical functions
Solve quadratic and exponential functions and equations
Factor quadratic and polynomial expressions
Use properties of rational and irrational numbers
Honors track deeper investigations into algebraic concepts and explorations in geometry
Music

Music

The Keys Music program is based on the Orff approach, a developmental method that combines music, movement, drama, and speech. Throughout the year students have many opportunities to learn to prepare for concerts, support fellow performers, make and rebound from mistakes, and channel the nerves that can, and do, arise. A goal of the program is to help students to develop confidence in making music, by using their voices, bodies and instruments through a variety of improvisational and structured experiences.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Respond to music critically and emotionally, orally and in writing
Learn more advanced intervals and harmony
Explore West African, Brazilian (rote learning) and the like, rhythms and songs, and Western music percussion ensembles (reading notation, following a conductor)
Sing more advanced rounds, partner songs, and two- and three-part harmony
Combine and experiment with learned techniques to compose collaborative works
Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education

Outdoor Education experiences are a hallmark of the Keys program, remembered long after students graduate. The sense of achievement that comes from facing fears and overcoming challenges is hard-won and persists over time. These excursions build character and foster a deep sense of trust and community. As students experience the excitement and adventure of exploring remote places, they also develop confidence, responsibility, and appreciation for environmentalism.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Advance leadership and wilderness skills on a multi-day King's Canyon backpacking trip.
Visit Catalina Island and explore its ecology; participate in individual and cooperative challenges involving hiking, snorkeling, and kayaking.
Physical Education

Physical Education

Physical Education in Middle School focuses on tactical sports skills, strategic game skills and appropriate fitness goals. Students are encouraged to develop an appreciation for team play, and to respect, value, and utilize the different strengths each player brings to the game. Reflecting on personal effort and giving compliments and encouraging feedback, are common practices.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Demonstrate ability to create successful game strategies
Understand progression, overload, and specificity as principles of exercise
Record, review and revise personal health and fitness goals
Research & Design

Research & Design

Our Research and Design class for seventh and eighth graders focuses on learning different approaches to problem solving. In class, students solve real world problems with an emphasis on social impact issues by applying the principles of design thinking – empathizing, iteration, prototyping, empathy maps, and identifying the correct problem.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Identify a social issue
Research the topic, exploring various resources and determining credibility
Develop an informed perspective
Design potential solutions
Science

Science

Using scientific equipment and technology to manipulate, observe, test, and model phenomena, Keys students see themselves as scientists engaged in the process of discovery. They explore advanced mathematical relationships integral to scientific investigation, and demonstrate sound research practices, collaborate effectively with peers, and develop presentation skills that harness a variety of media. This approach is intended to model the increasingly interdisciplinary methods used to address the complex questions, issues, and dilemmas of the 21st century.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Perform experiments related to light spectra
Use and create models to understand forces and motion
Investigate the Doppler Effect
Apply the scientific process to learn fundamental concepts in chemistry
Study the solar system, stars, galaxies, universe, astrobiology
Develop models related to global warming to extrapolate to a larger context
Participate in engineering challenge related to roller coasters
Social and Emotional Learning

Social and Emotional Learning

The Social and Emotional Learning curriculum is designed to develop the self-awareness and interpersonal skills necessary to be successful in a school setting and beyond. Middle School students build on their foundation of coping strategies for dealing with stress, peer pressure, conflicts, and decision-making, and continue to delve into topics through reflection, discussion, and project work. This allows them to connect their growing self-knowledge to their academic lives, as they learn what they need in order to be balanced, successful, and inspired individuals.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Demonstrate situational intelligence
Practice self-advocacy and personal responsibility
Develop strategies for time and stress management (organization, prioritization)
Problem-solve issues related to peer pressure, bullying, conflict resolution
Identify and nurture positive friendships
Spanish

Spanish

When students enter our program they choose either a Spanish or Mandarin track. The Spanish program at Keys is designed to build the language skills and social knowledge required to communicate meaningfully and effectively, setting students on a path to strong language acquisition in high school and beyond. As students develop proficiency with the language, classes continue to be interactive and engaging, but the focus shifts to develop advanced grammar concepts. Research projects and presentations immerse students in the history, arts, traditions and current events of various countries and afford them a growing understanding of world cultures.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Practice vocabulary, simple sentences, and speech patterns related to classroom setting, daily events, time and events, and food
Learn conjugation for the present tense of –ar, –er, and –ir regular verbs
Understand and use adjectives, adverbs, subject pronouns and idiomatic expressions
Engage in cultural study of festivals: Día de los Muertos, Día de Acción de Gracias, Navidad, Día de San Valentín, and Cinco de Mayo
Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts

Through theatre arts work, students develop deeper understanding of themselves and greater empathy for others. Middle School students use techniques such as tableau improvisation, debate, and choreographed movement. Students in Sixth and Eighth grade each stage an annual play, helping them to refine acting skills such as projection, articulation, and focus. By the end of the program, students will have experienced the entire dramatic process-character development, acting, costume creation, set production, and lighting techniques.

K-8 Arc Progression:
Lower School
Middle School
Our Eighth Graders:
Portray a character through movement
Create collaborative tableaus to explore staging concepts
Analyze monologues and learn basic character analysis skills
Gain exposure to the genres of “American Melodrama” and “Silent Films”